随机需求下供应链的资金流与物流次序分析

An Analysis of the Order of Capital Flow and Logistics for a Supply Chain under Demand Uncertainty

实践中供应链的资金流与物流次序通常会有资金流物流同步、资金流滞后或提前于物流3种情形。本文考虑随机市场需求下由供应商和零售商组成的二级供应链,分析3种资金流物流情形下供应链各成员的库存策略及运营绩效,并判断供应链采取何种资金流物流顺序能获得最大运营绩效。结果表明,当供应商的单位产品单位时间资金收益较大时,资金流提前于物流能使供应链获得最大运营绩效;当供应商的单位产品单位时间资金占用成本较小时,资金流滞后于物流能使供应链获得最大运营绩效。此外,不同资金流物流情形下零售商存在唯一最优目标库存,且在资金流物流同步和资金流提前于物流情形下零售商的最优目标库存一致。

In practice,the order of capital flow and logistics in supply chains usually haves three scenarios—capital flow synchronizes with,lags behind or precedes logistics.A two-echelon supply chain consisting of a supplier and a retailer under stochastic demand is considered,the inventory strategy and operation performance of each member of the supply chain under each scenario is analyzed,determine which scenario of capital flow and logistics the supply chain adopts to obtain the maximum operation performance.The results show when the supplier’s unit product unit time capital gain is relatively large,it is more beneficial for capital flow to precede logistics for the supply chain.When the supplier’s unit product unit time opportunity gain is relatively small,the scenario whereby capital flow lags behind logistics is better for the supply chain.In addition,the retailer has the only optimal target inventory under each scenario,and the retailer’s optimal target inventory is the same when capital flow synchronizes with logistics and capital flow precedes logistics.