弹载雷达成像技术发展现状与趋势

Present Situation and Prospect of Missile-borne Radar Imaging Technology

弹载合成孔径雷达(SAR)可对观测区域进行二维高分辨率成像,获得丰富的地貌特征以及目标的尺寸、形状特征,进而选择打击点并提高打击精度和效率。与传统的机载/星载SAR成像体制相比,弹载SAR由于其探测距离远、大机动曲线突防和多平台协同作战的特点,给雷达成像技术带来了新的挑战:导弹末制导阶段处于二维甚至三维加速的大斜视工作模式,飞行轨迹与传统的SAR成像模式不同,这会带来距离方位的严重耦合,成像质量退化严重;在攻击飞行段,导弹的天线波束直接指向目标区域,弹载SAR将工作在前视状态,传统的SAR成像技术难以获取目标二维高分辨图像。针对弹载SAR存在的这些问题,该文立足弹载SAR作战需求,从曲线轨大斜视成像、前视成像和协同成像方面介绍了弹载雷达成像的关键技术和发展现状,展望未来弹载雷达成像技术的发展趋势。

The missile-borne SAR may create high-resolution two-dimensional images of the observation area to gather detailed geomorphological information and information on the size and shape of the target,thereby helping to choose the attack place and enhancing assault precision and effectiveness.Compared with conventional airborne and satellite-based SAR imaging systems,missile-borne SAR brings new problems to radar imaging technology due to its characteristics of long-range detection,large maneuver curve raid,and multiplatform cooperative operations.The missile attack stage is in two-or three-dimensional accelerated highforward squint imaging mode.The flight trajectory differs from the general SAR imaging mode,resulting in the severe coupling of distance orientation and deteriorating imaging quality.The ballistic SAR will operate in a forward-looking mode during the attack flight stage,which will blur the images and reduce their clarity.The missile beam antenna will also be pointing directly toward the target area.With these issues in mind,this paper introduces the key technologies and development status of ballistic SAR imaging in terms of curved-track large oblique imaging,forward-looking imaging,and cooperative imaging based on military requirements and anticipates the future development trend of this technology.