中国特困供养服务的现状与问题——基于江苏省的实证研究

The present situation and problems of the support service for the extremely poor in China——Based on the investigation of Jiangsu

《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》提出要保障低收入人群的健康,特困人员供养制度作为中华人民共和国成立以来一直存在并不断发展完善的具备中国特色的社会保障制度,致力于提供特殊困难人群的生存及健康保障。近年来,我国特困供养服务保障有了重要的进展,但城乡之间、不同经济发展水平地区之间的保障差距依然存在着发展不平衡、不充分的问题。文章用定性访谈与问卷调查方法,通过对江苏省特困供养政策和实践的调查分析,了解特困供养制度的运行状况、成效与问题,并借鉴国际上特困及弱势群体救助制度和实施的经验,为我国特困供养制度的建设与完善提供参考。

The outline of the Program for Health China 2030 proposed to protect the health of the low⁃income group.As a social security system with Chinese characteristics that has existed since the founding of the People’s Republic of China with constantly developing and improving,the support system for the extremely poor is dedicated to protecting for the survival and health of people in extreme poverty.With the continuous improvement of the social security system in recent years,the integration of urban and rural social security in China has made significant progress in improving the fairness of people’s livelihood security.However,the security gap in protection between urban and rural areas and regions with different economic development levels still suffers from unbalanced and inadequate development.Through the investigation and analysis of the policy and practice of the special support system in Jiangsu Province with qualitative interviews and questionnaires,this paper aims to understand the operating status,effects and problems of the special support system.Additionally,we draw on the international experience of the relief system and implementation of the special support system to provide references for the construction and improvement of the special support system in China.