近30年天津湿地水鸟生境适宜性时空变化

Temporal and Spatial Changes in Habitat Suitability for Waterbirds in the Wetlands of Tianjin in Recent 30 Years

天津湿地在东亚—澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙路线上具有重要地位,充分认识其水鸟生境适宜性变化对科学制定湿地保护管理对策具有重要意义。在RS和GIS技术的支持下,以天津市1990—2020年6期遥感影像为数据源,建立水鸟与干扰条件、水源状况、食物条件、遮蔽物和斑块面积的定性和定量关系,评价了湿地水鸟生境适宜性动态变化,并分析其驱动因素。结果表明:近30年间,水鸟生境适宜性最好的面积减少36.60%,主要由于滨海湿地的围填占用与开垦退化;适宜性一般及以上的面积减少13.05%,主要分布于滨海区域、湿地自然保护区、宝坻水田区域、于桥水库等水补给充足的区域;适宜性较差及不适宜的面积增加34.43%,主要呈片状分布于市区向郊区扩散区域及滨海新区;天津水鸟生境质量总体呈退化趋势,适宜性最好的斑块在向差的等级转化;湿地类型变化是水鸟生境适宜性等级变化最重要的驱动因子,人口增长和气候变化导致水鸟生境适宜性降低。RS和GIS空间分析技术能有效地对湿地水鸟生境适宜性变化进行快速、客观准确的评价分析,研究结果为天津湿地水鸟种群及其生存环境的规划、保护、管理和决策提供数据支持和科学依据。

Tianjin’s wetlands play an important role in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway(EAAF)for migratory birds.It is of great significance to scientifically formulate wetland conservation and management measures by fully understanding the changes in the suitability of waterbirds habitats.With the support of RS and GIS technologies,the remote sensing images of Tianjin from 1990 to 2020 were used as the data source to establish the qualitative and quantitative relationships between waterbirds and disturbance conditions,state of water sources,food conditions,shelters and patch areas,the dynamic changes of habitat suitability for waterbirds in Tianjin’s wetlands were evaluated,and the driving factors for the changes were analyzed.The results showed that:In the past 30 years,the area with the best suitability for waterbirds in Tianjin decreased by 36.60%,mainly due to the reclamation of coastal tidal wetlands.The area with normal and above suitability for waterbirds decreased by 13.05%,mainly distributed in coastal areas,wetland nature reserves,paddy fields in Baodi District,Yuqiao water reservoir and other areas with sufficient water supply.The area with poor suitability and unsuitability for waterbirds increased by 34.43%,mainly distributed in flakes in the diffusion area from urban area to suburb and Binhai New District.The quality of waterbirds habitats in Tianjin displayed a general trend of degradation,and the patches with the best suitability transformed to poor grades.The change of wetland types is the most important driving force for the change of waterbirds habitat suitability level.Human population growth and climate change have resulted in reduced habitat suitability for waterbirds.RS and GIS spatial analysis technologies can be used to effectively evaluate and analyze the changes in habitat suitability for wetland waterbirds quickly,objectively and accurately.The results provide a data support and scientific basis for the planning,protection,management and decision-making of the waterbirds population and its living environment.