《伯夷列传》破体论

Discussion on the Breakthrough Style in Biography of Bo Yi

《史记》七十列传首篇《伯夷列传》突破常体,奇崛多姿。其体裁摆脱文体定法,似论似传似序,不可一概而谈;其附论结构跌宕回旋,前半部分通过“让国”事件领起,环环相牵,步步呼应,后半部分以孔子为中心,围绕孔子弟子、孔子言论二度展开,摇曳咏叹。破体行为与司马迁“尚义”“扶义”的著史动机有关,伟大人物以古观今,心生郁结,不免发出巨大困惑与现实叩问。

Biography of Bo Yi,the first of 70 biographies in Historical Records,broke through the ordinary style and was extraordinary.Its literary style is similar to argumentative,biography,or also preamble,and cannot be generalized to be only one of them.Its narrate structure fluctuates.The first part is led by the event of"Abdicating Country",which is linked with each other and echoed step by step.The second part is centered on Confucius,and revolves around Confucius′disciples and Confucius′remarks.The breakthrough of the style is related to SIMA Qian′s writing motivation of"advocating justice"and"supporting justice".Through the ancient history viewing the present society,SIMA was deeply depressed,and inevitably had great confusion and realistic questions.