摘要
The myeloid extramedullary tumor is a solid tumor formed by infiltration of immature myeloid cells in various tissues of the body.This tumor is also identified as chloroma or myeloid sarcoma(MS).MS is a manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)occurring at presentation or during treatment or relapse.MS is associated with multiple chromosomal abnormalities and molecular mutations since patients with these disorders bear a high potential for MS manifestation.There is a high incidence of extramedullary infiltration(EMI)in AML.AML patients with EMI have a worse prognosis than patients without it.Hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic stem cells reside in a special bone marrow microenvironment called niche,which is essential for their normal functions.Cancers are exploited dysfunctional cell-cell and matrix-cell interactions,which convert a normal niche into a neoplastic niche.This study summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular characteristics of AML with EMI and extramedullary niches in AML patients.
