西藏自治区综合消防应急救援支撑能力评价

Evaluation on Supporting Capacity for Comprehensive Fire Emergency Rescue in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China

中国西藏自治区独特的自然与人文环境、复杂而艰巨的发展任务和应急体系建设自身的特殊需求与困难是西藏自治区应急工作所面临的特殊情景和复杂问题。西藏应急救援支撑能力的定量化评价与优化提高是补齐西藏基础设施短板的前提。以西藏自治区为研究区,运用成本距离法,基于现实路网与地形计算研究区消防应急救援时效;基于人口分布评估研究区地质灾害风险,结合时效与风险从供需角度评价研究区综合消防应急救援支撑能力,并分析跨地市救援带来的时效性改善。主要结论如下:(1)城市中的现状应急救援时效性与国家标准还有一定差距,远离城市中心的地区时效性较差。(2)地质灾害高风险区主要位于“一江两河”地区,西藏大部分地区的应急救援支撑能力可满足现实需要,高风险区中部分地区的应急救援时效性不够高,支撑能力尚显不足。(3)建立统筹全自治区的跨地市应急救援机制可显著改善各地市交界地区的时效性。西藏自治区应积极动员官方与社会救援力量,从人才与装备两方面提升核心地区应急救援支撑能力。本研究为西藏自治区应急救援支撑能力的提升和社会经济的可持续发展提供了理论和实践参考。

The emergency work of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China was confronted by the unique natural and human environment,the economic imperative of high-quality development,and the extraordinary needs of construction of a localized emergency complex,which characterized the particularity of construction of the emergency rescue support system in Tibet.Since there was little knowledge related to the performance of the system in Tibet,an intensely quantitative evaluation and optimization of available capabilities of the emergency rescue system are prerequisites so as to complement the shortcomings of Tibet s infrastructure.In this research,the Tibet Autonomous Region was designed as case study,and the Cost Distance method was used to calculate the time of emergency rescue based on the actual road network and terrain.It evaluated the risk of geological disasters based on population distribution,and the comprehensive emergency rescue support performance from the perspective of supply and demand by combining with timeliness and risk;therefore,it analyzed the time bar improvement brought by cross-city rescue.The results are as follows:(1)Although the current emergency rescue time in cities of the Tibet was acceptable,its timeliness still had gap with the Chinese National Standard,particularly poor in areas far from the urban center,which were because of the small quantity and uneven distribution of emergency rescue stations and poor ground traffic conditions.(2)The high-risk areas of geological disasters were mainly located in the areas of the Yarlung Zangbo River,the Nianchu River and the Lhasa River.The support capacity of comprehensive emergency rescue in most areas of the Tibet meet practical needs;however,in some areas with high-risk there were low timeliness with insufficient capacity.This was because these areas with concentrated distribution of geological disaster points happened to be the most developed area of social economy in the study area.(3)The establishment of a cross-city emergency rescue mechanism that coordinated the entire autonomous region could significantly improve the timeliness of the border areas of various cities.This was because border areas were usually away from city centers,but possible close to another s.The Tibet Autonomous Region should actively mobilize both official and social emergency rescue forces;focus on areas with insufficient support capabilities;improve the emergency rescue support capabilities of core areas from both talents and equipment.This study would provide theoretical and practical references for the improvement of emergency rescue support capacity and the sustainable development of social economy in the Tibet Autonomous Region.