明清徽州家训中职业观的三维探索

A Three-dimensional Exploration of Occupational View in Huizhou Family Motto in Ming and Qing Dynasties

职业教育关系国计民生,其发展离不开家庭支持。明清时期的徽州既重理学强调读书,又讲生存重视治生,有着丰富的治生经验,此时期的家训提出了以职业价值、职业内涵和职业伦理为主要内容的职业观。明清徽州家训强调职业的保身治家生存价值、戒恶育德道德价值和行善睦族社会价值的三重价值旨归;提出了不可无业、四民正业和职业规避的职业内涵特质;并凝练出勤职业、廉政奉公、精益求精和以义为利的职业伦理。新时代下家庭教育中普遍存在职业歧视、缺乏职业启蒙和职业伦理失范等问题,以史为鉴,借鉴明清徽州家训中的职业观,从树立正确的职业观、重视家庭职业启蒙和强调家庭职业伦理等方面重构家庭职业教育。

Vocational education is related to the national economy and people′s livelihood,and its development cannot be separated from family support.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Huizhou not only emphasized Neo-Confucianism and reading,but also emphasized survival and health care.It had rich experience in health care.The family motto in this period put forward the occupation view with the occupation value,occupation connotation and occupation ethics as the main content.The family motto of Huizhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties highlighted the tripartite value Orientation of occupational survival value of preserving one′s health and governing one′s family,the moral value of avoiding evil deeds and cultivating virtues,and the social value of doing good deeds to benefit their family and society.It put forward the occupational connotation characteristics of not losing one′s job,Four People′s legitimate Jobs,and strict prohibition of engaging in dirty business.It also summarized the occupational ethics of diligent attendance,clean government of public service,keep improving,and regard justice as profit.In the new era,there are prevalent problems in family education,such as occupational discrimination,occupational enlightenment deficiency,and anomie of occupational ethics.This paper takes history as a mirror and drawing lessons from the occupational outlook of Huizhou family instructions of Ming and Qing Dynasties,rebuilds the family vocational education from the aspects of setting up correct occupational outlook,attaching importance to family occupational enlightenment and highlighting family occupational ethics.