监察留置措施法律属性初探

Preliminary Exploration of Legal Attributes of Supervisory Lien Measures

对于监察留置措施法律属性的科学界定,既是实现监察留置规范自身有效整合的需要,也是厘清监察留置措施适用条件、正确开展监察工作的必然要求。遗憾的是,现行立法仅针对监察留置措施的适用范围、实施主体、审批程序、场所设置、解除程序等作了规定,并未明确规定监察留置措施的法律属性。在学界,虽然对监察留置措施法律属性进行了讨论并形成了“行政强制措施论”“‘两规’法治转型论”“刑事强制措施论”等不同观点,但已有诸说与监察留置措施的适用对象、规范依据和适用条件并不匹配,没有正确反映监察留置措施的本质属性。在此背景下,为保证监察留置措施的正确适用,充分保障被调查人的合法权益,应结合宪法层面对监察制度的设计以及《监察法》中的具体规定,将其界定为一种具有“二元”属性的新型监察强制措施。

It has important theoretical and practical value for the scientific definition of the legal attribute of supervisory lien measures, because it is not only the need to realize the effective integration of supervision lien norms themselves, but also the inevitable requirement to clarify the applicable conditions of supervision lien measures and correctly carry out the supervision practice. Unfortunately, the current legislation only provides for the scope of application, implementation subject, approval procedures, site setting and discharge procedures of the supervisory lien measures, and does not clearly stipulate the legal attributes of the supervisory lien measures. Although the legal attribute of supervisory lien measures has been widely discussed in academic circles, formed the “administrative compulsory measures”, “double designation ‘on the rule of law’ transformation theory”, “criminal compulsory measures” and other different views, the existing theories does not match the applicable object, normative basis and applicable conditions of the supervision lien measures, and does not correctly reflect the nature of the supervision lien measures. In this context, in order to ensure the correct application of supervisory lien measures and fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the respondents, it should be defined as a new type of supervisory compulsory measures with dual attributes in combination with the design of the supervisory system at the constitutional level and the specific provisions in the Supervision Act.