LncRNA在食管癌中的双重调控机制及其临床价值

Dual regulation mechanism of LncRNA in esophageal cancer and its clinical value

食管癌是临床常见消化道恶性肿瘤,具有较高的发病率和死亡率,由于早期症状不典型,多数患者确诊时已处于中晚期,治疗效果欠佳。目前对食管癌发病机制的认识有限,基本认为是基因-遗传-环境互作的结果,但目前尚无确切定论,且缺乏有效的治疗方法。因此,明确食管癌潜在发病机制对于临床早期筛查、诊断、治疗和预后等均具有重要意义。其中,长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA, LncRNA)是肿瘤诊断、治疗和预后评估的新型生物标志物,在肿瘤细胞的分化、增殖、凋亡、侵袭和转移中扮演着重要角色,介导包括食管癌在内的多种恶性肿瘤的发生与发展。LncRNA在食管癌中具有抑癌和促癌的双重角色,但文献报道较为零散,且LncRNA介导食管癌发生与发展的作用机制尚不完全明确。基于此,文章就LncRNA在食管癌发生发展中的双重调控机制进行系统综述,旨在明确LncRNA如何影响食管癌的发生与发展,以期为食管癌的临床防治提供新思路。

Esophageal cancer is a common gastrointestinal cancer with high incidence and mortality rates. Because the early symptoms are not typical, most patients are in the middle and late stages when diagnosed, and the treatment effect is disappointing. At present, our understanding of the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer is limited;it is considered to be the result of genetic-environmental interactions, but there are no definite conclusion, and there is a lack of effective treatments. Therefore, clarifying the potential pathogenesis of esophageal cancer is of great significance for research into early clinical screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Long noncoding(LncRNA) is a new biomarker for tumor diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation. LncRNA plays an important role in tumor cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis and mediates the occurrence and development of a variety of malignant tumors, including esophageal cancer. LncRNA plays a dual role by inhibiting and promoting cancer in esophageal cancer, but the amount of relevant literature is limited, and the mechanism of LncRNA mediation of the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer is not completely clear. This paper systematically reviews the dual-regulation mechanism of LncRNA to clarify how it affects the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer and to provide new research ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer.