添加苜蓿干草对断奶犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及血清指标的影响

Effects of adding alfalfa hay on the growth performance,rumen fermentation and serum indexes of weaned calves

为研究添加苜蓿干草对断奶荷斯坦犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵、营养物质消化率、血清生化及抗氧化指标的影响,试验将30头年龄和体重相近的健康荷斯坦母犊牛随机分为2组,每组15头。对照组粗饲料为燕麦干草,试验组粗饲料为燕麦和苜蓿干草。预试期5 d,正式试验60 d。结果表明:(1)试验组犊牛平均日增重、干物质采食量和中性洗涤纤维消化率分别比对照组提高了5.68%、4.53%和6.41%(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,试验组犊牛瘤胃氨态氮含量降低了8.54%,微生物蛋白和丁酸含量提高了10.55%和10.72%(P<0.05)。(3)试验组犊牛血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性分别比对照组提高了5.56%、18.18%和7.17%,而尿素氮含量降低了6.76%(P<0.05)。综上所述,在补饲燕麦干草基础上,添加苜蓿干草可改善断奶犊牛瘤胃发酵,提高营养物质消化率,增强机体抗氧化能力,提高生长性能。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of alfalfa hay supplementation on the growth performance,rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility,serum biochemical and antioxidant indexes of weaned Holstein calves.Thirty healthy Holstein female calves with similar age and body weight were randomly divided into 2 groups with 15 calves per group.The calves in control group was fed with oat hay and the calves in experimental group was fed with oat and alfalfa hay.A 5 d adaptive phase was followed by 60 d of experimental period.The results showed as follows:(1)The average daily gain,dry matter intake and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of calves in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group,which were increased by 5.68%,4.53%and 6.41%respectively(P<0.05).(2)Compared with control group,the ruminal ammonia nitrogen content of calves in experimental group was decreased by 8.54%,and the contents of microbial protein and butyrate were increased by 10.55%and 10.72%(P<0.05).(3)The glucose and triglyceride concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity in calves’serum of experimental group were increased by 5.56%,18.18%and 7.17%respectively,while the urea nitrogen content was decreased by 6.76%compared with the control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,on the basis of supplementation with oat hay,the addition of alfalfa hay could improve rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility,antioxidant capacity and growth performance of weaned calves.