超晚冬播冬、春小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响

Effects of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Different Winter and Spring Wheat Cultivars under Extremely-Late Sowing

【目的】研究新疆北疆超晚冬播条件下,不同冬、春小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响。【方法】冬小麦适播期为9月20~30日,播种期为10月31日,延迟播期31~41 d,在超晚播条件下,采用随机区组设计,田间比较冬、春小麦品种的光合特性、籽粒灌浆速率和产量的差异。【结果】冬、春小麦品种旗叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度因不同品种而异,新冬41号和新春6号均高于其它品种,依次为60.2和58.1、33.1μmol/(m^(2)·s)和32.5μmol/(m^(2)·s)、10.22 mmol/(m^(2)·s)和10.41 mmol/(m^(2)·s)、0.33 mol/(m^(2)·s)和0.36 mol/(m^(2)·s)。春小麦品种最大灌浆速率的峰值出现在花后18~20 d,而冬小麦出现在15~17 d。新冬41号和新春6号产量较高,为7812.3~7935.6 kg/hm^(2),获得高产的穗数431.7×10^(4)~475.2×10^(4)穗/hm^(2),穗粒数31.6~36.3,千粒重51.7~52.8 g。【结论】新冬41号和新春6号较适合北疆超晚冬播。

【Objective】To ascertain photosynthetic characteristics and grain-filling rate and yield of different winter and spring wheat cultivars under extremely-late sowing.【Method】The suitable sowing period of winter wheat is from 20th to 30th in September,and the planting period of this test is October 31,with a delay of 31-41 days sowing.Under ultra-late sowing conditions,the randomized block designed field experiment was compared the difference between photosynthetic characteristics,grain-filling rate and yield of different winter and spring wheat cultivars in the field.【Result】The leaf chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductivity of winter and spring wheat varieties varied among different cultivars.The yields of Xindong 41 and Xinchun 6 were higher than other cultivars,which were 60.2 and 58.1,33.1μmol/(m^(2)·s)and 32.5μmol/(m^(2)·s),10.22 m mol/(m^(2)·s)and 10.41 m mol/(m^(2)·s),0.33 mol/(m^(2)·s)and 0.36 mol/(m^(2)·s).The peak rate of the maximum grain-filling rate of spring wheat cultivars occurred 18-20 days after,while winter wheat occurred 15-17 days after.The yields of Xindong 41 and Xinchun6 were relatively high,ranging from 7,812.3 kg/hm^(2)to 7,935.6 kg/hm^(2).The number of high-yielding spikes was 431.7×10^(4)/hm^(2)~475.2×10^(4)/hm^(2),the number of spikes was 31.6-36.3,and the number of thousands of grains weight was 51.7~52.8 g.【Conclusion】Comprehensively considering all the factors,Xindong 41 and Xinchun 6 are more suitable for ultra-late winter sowing in northern Xinjiang.