《民法典》居住权制度的困境与出路

The Dilemma and Outlet of Residency System in the Civil Code

居住权作为《民法典》物权编的一大亮点受到全社会的广泛关注,其入典对完善我国住房保障体系,提高我国房产利用率,实现利益最大化等发挥着重要的作用。但是目前,关于居住权的规定存在着一些问题:一方面,居住权核心属性模糊,影响适用推广;另一方面,居住权制度规定过于简陋,存在立法缺陷。应对这些困境的出路有二:其一,确立以私人自治为核心的多元化居住权立法模式;其二,及时补全立法漏洞,理顺法律逻辑,适时脱离人役性之桎梏,或许才能真正发挥居住权的时代价值。

As one of the highlights of the real right of the Civil Code,the right of habitation has been widely concerned by the whole society,and its incorporation into the code plays an important role in improving the housing security system in China,improving the utilization rate of real estate in China and realizing the maximization of interests.However,at present,there are some problems in the provisions on the right of residence:on the one hand,the core attributes of the right of residence are vague,which affects the application and promotion;on the other hand,the provisions of the right of residence system are too simple and there are legislative defects.There are two ways to deal with these dilemmas:first,to establish a diversified residency legislative model with private autonomy as the core;second,to fill in legislative loopholes in a timely manner,straighten out legal logic,and timely get rid of the shackles of human servitude,perhaps in order to truly give play to the value of the era of residency.