农村居家养老老年人综合健康状况的现况调查

Comprehensive health status of the elderly living at home in the rural areas

目的:了解农村居家养老老年人的综合健康现状及其影响因素。方法:采用世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表、Morisky用药依从性问卷、APGAR家庭功能评估表、阿森斯失眠量表和老年抑郁量表调查216例农村居家养老老年人。结果:农村居家养老老年人生理领域、心理领域和总的健康状况与生存质量得分低于常模(P<0.05),环境领域得分高于常模(P<0.05),社会关系领域得分与常模比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多元回归分析显示,抑郁、失眠、慢性病3个变量进入生理领域回归方程,解释生理领域总变异的50.3%;抑郁、家庭功能、失眠、工作劳动情况、经济收入5个变量进入心理领域回归方程,解释心理领域总变异的49.7%;抑郁、家庭功能、失眠3个变量进入社会关系领域回归方程,解释社会关系领域总变异的29.4%;抑郁、失眠、家庭功能、经济收入4个变量进入环境领域回归方程,解释环境领域总变异的36.9%;抑郁、失眠、家庭功能、慢性病4个变量进入总的健康状况与生存质量回归方程,解释总的健康状况与生存质量总变异的45.0%。结论:农村居家养老老年人在生理领域和心理领域健康水平仍较低。抑郁情绪、失眠、家庭功能障碍、患慢性病、经济收入低是影响其综合健康状况的主要因素。

Objective:To investigate the comprehensive health status and its influencing factors of the elderly living at home in the rural areas.Methods:The WHOQOL-BREF,Morisky medication adherence scale,APGAR family function assessment scale,Athens insomnia scale,and geriatric depression scale were used to survey 216 rural elderly living at home.Results:The scores of the elderly in the physiological,psychological,and general health status and quality of life were significantly lower than the norm(P<0.05),the score in the environmental field was significantly higher than the norm(P<0.05),and the score in the social relations field between elderly and norm was no significant difference(P>0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that the depression,insomnia,and chronic diseases entered the regression equation of the physiological field,accounting for 50.3%of the total variation in the physiological domain;The depression,family function,insomnia,work and labor conditions,and economic income entered the regression equation of the psychological field,accounting for 49.7%of the total variance in the psychological field;The depression,family function,and insomnia entered the regression equation of the social relationship field,accounting for 29.4%of the total variance in the social relationship field;The depression,insomnia,family function,and economic income entered the regression equation of the environmental field,accounting for 36.9%of the total variance in the environmental field;The depression,insomnia,family function,and chronic disease entered the regression equation of general health and quality of life,accounting for 45.0%of the total variance of general health and quality of life.Conclusion:The physical and psychological health of the elderly living at home in the rural areas is still relatively low.Depression,insomnia,family dysfunction,chronic diseases,and low income are the most important factors.