把字句的形式标识与教学策略

The Markers of ba Construction and the Teaching Strategies

语言形式因其内部结构的不同,往往在外部形式方面表现出特别之处。提取并突显外在的语言标识形式进行教学的方法,因符合人们的认知规律,故而对语言教学和学习效果明显。在分析比较业内较为通用的四本教材首次出现的把字句之后,本文从结构、意义和功能方面解释、论证了把字句因类别不同,显示出的标识形式也就不同。在常用的把字句次类别中,表位移的把字句内含三个论元,除了“把”这一标识词以外,还需介词“在”或“到”做标识词以引介处所论元。加设“在”或“到”为位移式把字句的标识词会使得此结构简明易记,语言形式清晰可循,易教易学。优先教授位移式把字句,有助于教师综合其结构、意义和功能设立语境;优先学习这类把字句,有益于学生通过其结构形式理解其表示位移的功能,在现实生活语境中更恰当地使用此类把字句,为以后学习其他类别的把字句奠定初步的基础。

Language forms often display unique markers because of the differences of structures.One of efficient teaching strategies is to highlight the distinctive markers in teaching languages.This pedagogical method not only conforms to the principles of cognition but also maximizes teaching effects and learning results.By analyzing and comparing把ba sentences appeared first in lessons in four commonly used Chinese textbooks,this paper demonstrates that the markers of the types of ba construction are varied due to its different grammatical features.Among the typical types of the ba construction,the type which expresses the location change contains three arguments,i.e.,actor,undergoer and place;hence,it needs not only把ba as a marker to indicate the actor and undergoer,but also a preposition either在zai(at/in/on)or到dao(to)as a marker to introduce a place.By setting把ba and preposition在zai or到dao as markers for the subtype of ba construction with the function of location change,it makes not only its pattern concise and clear but also easy for both instructors and students to teach or learn this subtype.Thus,this type of ba construction should be taught first to the lower-level students.