汉字观在初级汉字教学中的运用

On the Application of the View of Chinese Characters in the Teaching of Elementary Chinese Characters

初级汉语水平学习者的汉字观主要包括三个方面:一是汉字平面结构的观念,这是学习者感知汉字特点、汉字结构的第一步,需要结合常见的合体字进行分析和练习;二是汉字层次结构的观念,这是培养学习者对汉字造字文化和汉字深层结构的认知;三是汉字笔画认知的观念,包括笔画数、笔形、笔顺等,这是学习者认知独体字的重要步骤,也是打好汉字基础的关键。学习者构建汉字观念以后,可以快速提升汉字书写和运用能力,提高书面阅读水平。教师安排初级汉字教学,应该遵循平面分析、层次认知、笔画学习的顺序。

The view of Chinese characters of primary Chinese learners mainly includes three aspects.The first is the concept of Chinese character’s plane structure,which is the first step to perceive the characteristics of Chinese characters and the structures of Chinese characters.The second is the concept of Chinese character’s hierarchical structure,which is used to cultivate learners’awareness of the character-forming culture and deep structure of Chinese characters.The third is the concept of Chinese characters’strokes,including the number,shape,and order of strokes,which is not only an important step for learners to learn single-component characters,but also the key to laying a good foundation for the learning of Chinese characters.After learners build the view of Chinese characters,they can quickly improve their ability to write and use Chinese characters,and improve their reading level of written chinese.Teachers should follow the order of plane structure analysis,hierarchical structure cognition and stroke learning when arranging elementary Chinese character teaching.