海岱地区史前虎遗存简论

Brief Introduction of Prehistoric Tiger Remains in Haidai Regions

海岱地区史前考古记录显示,新石器时代中期至新石器时代末期诸文化出土有虎遗存。虎骨遗存仅见于开展过系统动物考古研究的遗址中,未开展系统动物考古研究的遗址则皆不见虎骨遗存。通过对虎骨遗存的量化分析、出土情境观察,可以认为,后李文化、北辛文化、大汶口文化、海岱龙山文化皆曾利用虎类动物资源,甚至不能排除先民将其作为动物性食物资源的可能,但与其他更为常见、易于捕获的动物资源相较,虎在当时社会中文化象征意义的角色可能更为重要。虎遗存的发现,既反映了时人生业内容,也有助于重建所在区域当年所属时期的环境特征。随着田野考古工作的持续展开与多学科合作研究的深入进行,将来对相关问题将会获得更多更新的认识。

The prehistoric archaeological records in Haidai regions showed that tiger remains were found in the cultures of the middle and late Neolithic periods.The remains of tiger bones were only found in sites where systematic animal archaeology had been carried out.Based on the quantitative analysis of the remains of tiger bones and through the observation of the unearthed remains,it can be concluded that the Houli culture,the Beixin culture,the Dawenkou culture and the Haidailongshan culture all used tigers as resources and even took them as food.But the role of tiger as a cultural symbol could be more important than other animals which were more common and easier to be captured.The discovery of tiger remains not only reflects the ancients’livelihood,but also helps to reconstruct the environmental features of the regions at that time.With the continued development of field archaeological work and cooperative multidisciplinary research,there will be more and newer insights towards related problems in the future.