从宋代农村粮食贸易看官府与富民的多重博弈

Multiple Games Between the Government and the Wealthy Class from the Rural Grain Trade in the Song Dynasty

宋代地方官府和富民是农村粮食贸易的两大主体,他们拥有着财富和地缘优势,二者既相互合作,又竞争对抗。正常情况下,官府大多放任富民籴粜粮食逐利。当粮食市场供求失衡,官府就会以稳定市场、保障民生为目的主动干预市场,采取市场竞价、道德劝分,甚至强制手段迫使富民按自身的社会目标进行粮食买卖,同时又采取一些激励手段来缓和矛盾、拉拢富民。这表明富民阶层开始成为宋代乡村社会多元共治的主体之一,宋代统治者也认识到富民阶层对国家基层治理的重要性,既利用富民的财富来增强国家力量,又辅之以激励安抚措施来保护富民阶层的成长壮大。

The local government and the wealthy class in the Song Dynasty were the two main parties in the rural grain trade.The government relied on its economic and administrative coercive power;and the rich people were active in rural areas,taking advantage of their familiarity with market conditions,wealth and geographical advantages.They cooperated and competed against each other.Usually,the government often permitted the rich to trade grain for their benefits.When there was imbalance between supply and demand in food market,the government would actively intervene in the market to stabilize the market and protect people’s livelihood.They would adopt the policies of market bidding,persuasion and even coercive measures to force the rich to trade grain according to their own social goals,and at the same time proposed some incentives to ease the contradiction and recruit the rich.This shows that the rich class began to become one of the main parts of multi-governance in rural society in the Song Dynasty.The rulers of the Song Dynasty also realized the importance of the wealthy class to the governance at basic level of the country.They strengthened the country with the wealth of the rich,while adopting incentives and appeasement measures to protect them and their development.