宋金元时期晋东南地区饮食文化的考古学考察

Archaeological Investigation on the Food Culture in Southeast Shanxi During the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties

晋东南地区宋金元墓葬砖雕、壁画中有大量与饮食文化相关的图像信息,结合寺观壁画及历史文献可知,宋金元时期晋东南地区形成了以麦类面食为主食,以羊肉、猪肉等肉食及丰富的蔬果为辅食,并配以茶、酒等饮品的饮食结构。舂米图、推磨图、汲水图、庖厨图、备茶图、备酒图等展现出当时谷物加工的精细化、蒸制技术的成熟化、饮食器具的多样化;夫妇对坐图、男女对坐宴饮图等表明当时已普遍采用合餐制的饮食方式,且在饮食过程中常伴有乐舞、杂剧等娱乐活动。

There are a lot of image information related to food culture in the brick carvings and murals of the tombs of the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties in the southeast of Shanxi Province.From the murals of temples and historical documents,it can be seen that in the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,the southeast of Shanxi Province formed a diet structure with wheat flour as the main food,mutton,pork and other meat as well as rich vegetables and fruits as supplementary food,and tea,wine and other drinks.The rice husking map,the grinding map,the drawing of water,the cooking map,the tea preparation map,and the wine preparation map show the refinement of grain processing,the maturity of steaming technology,and the diversification of eating utensils at that time;couple sitting chart,men and women sitting chart and so on show that the eating method of the group dining system was widely adopted at that time,and the eating process was often accompanied by music,dance,drama and other entertainment activities.