温度、相对湿度对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)越冬幼虫化蛹及羽化的影响

Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Pupation and Eclosion of Overwintering Larvae of Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)

【目的】研究温度、相对湿度对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)越冬幼虫化蛹及羽化的影响。【方法】采用饱和盐溶液法研究不同温、湿度梯度下,新疆南北疆2个代表性玉米螟地理种群越冬幼虫化蛹和羽化的响应。【结果】越冬代玉米螟幼虫随着环境温(相对湿度)的增高(增大)化蛹、羽化进度随之缩短且差异显著(P<0.05)。较其他环境,28℃和75%RH,南疆种群、北疆种群玉米螟化蛹历期最短依次为(15.24%±3.02%)、(14.11%±2.64%)和(21.45%±2.54%)、(18.27%±1.96%),化蛹率和羽化率均最高分别为(90.12%、96.33%)和(76.22%±5.45%)、(74.12%±6.01%),(68.13%±3.77%)、(64.39%±4.72%)。【结论】温度、相对湿度是影响玉米螟化蛹和继后发育(羽化)的主要环境因子,新疆南疆种群、北疆种群越冬代老熟幼虫随着温度、相对湿度的升高化蛹和继后发育(羽化)的发生期呈“前移”趋势。

【Objective】To ascertain the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the pupation and eclosion of overwintering larvae of Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée).【Methods】The effects of temperature and relative humidity on the pupation and eclosion of overwintering larvae of two representative populations of Ostrinia furnacalis in southern and northern Xinjiang were studied by using saturated salt solution method.【Results】In the range of given temperature(humidity),the progress of pupation and emergence of overwintering larvae was shortened with the increase of ambient temperature(relative humidity),and the difference was significant(P<0.05).Compared with other environments,at 28℃and 75%RH,the shortest chrysalis durations of southern Xinjiang population and northern Xinjiang population were(15.24%±3.02%),(14.11%±2.64%),(21.45%±2.54%)and(18.27%±1.96%),respectively.Pupation rate and eclosion rate were respectively 90.12%,96.33%and 76.22%plus or minus 5.45%,74.12%,plus or minus 6.01%,plus or minus 3.77%,68.13%and 64.39%plus or minus 4.72%.【Conclusion】Temperature and relative humidity are the main environmental factors affecting the diapause termination and subsequent development(emergence)of Ostrinia furnacalis.The occurrence of diapause termination and subsequent development(emergence)of the overwintering generation of mature larvae of southern Xinjiang population and northern Xinjiang population geographic population show a“forward”trend with increasing temperature and relative humidity.