驾驶人视觉负荷研究综述

A Review of Research on Driver’s Visual Load

驾驶负荷一直是交通人因安全领域的研究热点,近年来,负荷理论及数据采集技术的快速发展推动了驾驶人视觉负荷的研究.视觉负荷是驾驶人在交通信息加工过程中所消耗的视觉资源,影响着驾驶人的视觉信息处理能力,不仅能够衡量行车过程中的视觉舒适度,同时对保障行车安全有重要意义.本文首先系统地整理了驾驶人视觉负荷在道路交通安全领域的研究现状;然后从驾驶人视觉负荷的影响因素、评测方法、研究应用等方面进行了综述;接着从人-车-路-环4个方面归纳了视觉负荷的影响因素,并介绍了视觉负荷的评测方法与实际应用;最后,论述了目前研究中存在的不足以及视觉负荷的研究前景.对文献的梳理和分析表明,驾驶人视觉负荷是信息接收源(驾驶人)和信息刺激源(车辆、道路和环境)多因素共同作用产生的.为量化驾驶人的视觉负荷,学者们从驾驶人视觉特性出发,制定了一系列的衡量指标,但是由于实验场景不统一且驾驶人视觉感知存在主观差异,目前尚未有统一的视觉负荷衡量标准,在未来研究中,需要在现有方法的基础上进一步明确相似场景下驾驶人视觉负荷的评价指标,并针对不同驾驶人群体在各种交通环境中的视觉负荷进行研究,从而深入探究视觉负荷对交通安全的影响,以期全面提升人-车-路-环系统的交通安全水平.

Driving load has always been a research hotspot in the field of traffic human factors safety. Recently, the rapid development of load theory and data acquisition technology has promoted the study of visual load.Visual load is the visual resource consumed by the driver in the process of traffic information processing, which affects the driver’s visual information processing ability, which can not only measure the visual comfort during the driving process, but also has great significance for ensuring driving safety.This paper systematically sorts out the research status of driver visual load in the field of road traffic safety, reviews the influencing factors, evaluation methods and research applications of driver visual load, summarizes the influencing factors of visual load from four aspects: person-vehicle-road-ring, introduces the evaluation method and practical application of visual load, and finally, discusses the shortcomings in the current research and the research prospect of visual load.The combing and analysis of the literature shows that the visual load of the driver is generated by the combination of multiple factors of the information receiving source(driver) and the information stimulation source(vehicle, road and environment).In order to quantify the visual load of the driver, scholars have developed a series of measurement indicators from the driver’s visual characteristics, but due to the non-uniformity of the experimental scene and the subjective difference in the driver’s visual perception, there is no unified visual load measurement standard.In the future research, it is necessary to further clarify the evaluation index of the driver’s visual load in similar scenarios on the basis of the existing method, and study the visual load of different driver groups in various traffic environments.In this way, the impact of visual load on traffic safety is deeply explored, with a view to comprehensively improving the traffic safety of the human-vehicle-road-ring system.