演化博弈视角下就业市场反合谋垄断研究

Anti-Collusion Monopoly in Employment Market Based on Evolutionary Game

近年来,企业侵蚀员工利益现象引发社会各界广泛关注.当企业在就业市场上具有明显的优势地位,企业出于人力资源管理、商业秘密保护和利益最大化的考虑,可能会与中介机构达成就业市场合谋垄断,限制劳动者的就业空间或薪酬、福利水平,这样不仅损害劳动者的权利,还扰乱了就业市场的正常竞争秩序,还会造成员工隐私泄露、社会福利下降等负面影响.为规范就业市场的竞争环境,缓解劳资矛盾等一系列社会问题,通过构建政府、用人单位、中介机构和就业人员四方演化博弈模型,并利用Matlab进行数值模拟,着重分析参数的变化对就业市场四方策略的演化,以期实现就业市场健康稳定发展的政策建议.研究表明:对比提高垄断补偿的效果,降低规制成本、提高垄断行为查处概率和惩罚强度,政府规制意愿会有所提高,用人单位和中介机构的行为合法概率也会提高,就业人员也能积极维护劳动权益.

Recently, the phenomenon of enterprises eroding the interests of employees has attracted widespread attention from all walks of life.When an enterprise has an obvious dominant position in the job market, it may reach a conspiracy monopoly with intermediaries in the job market, restricting the employment space or salary and benefits of workers, for human resource management, trade secret protection and maximization of interests.This not only damages the wages and benefits of workers, but also disrupts the normal competition order in the job market, and causes negative impacts such as leakage of employee privacy and decline in social benefits.In order to standardize the competitive environment of the job market and alleviate a series of social problems such as labor-capital conflicts, we build a quadrilateral evolutionary game model of the government, employers, intermediaries and employees, use Matlab to conduct numerical simulations, and analyze the impact of parameter changes on the job market, with a view to achieving policy recommendations for the healthy and stable development of the job market.The research shows that compared with the effect of improving monopoly compensation, reducing regulatory costs, and reinforcing the investigation and punishment of monopoly will increase the government’s willingness to regulate and the legality of employers and intermediaries’ act, and employees will be more active to claim their labor rights.