基于微气候实测的山地城市不同海拔街区空间形态研究——以重庆市主城区为例

Spatial Morphology of Blocks at Different Altitudes in Mountainous Cities Based on Microclimate Field Measurements:A Case of Main Urban Areas in Chongqing

山地城市通常因为地形复杂、气候多变使得街区环境中的人体舒适度指标及污染物分布规律很可能与平原城市有较大区别。该文主要对重庆市主城区不同海拔高度的多个住宅街区空间进行了微气候实测,并分析了山地城市不同海拔高度的建筑形态对街区空间的温湿度、人体舒适度及PM2.5浓度的影响特点。通过实验研究,得出以下结论:(1)山地城市夏季不同海拔高度的街区微气候整体特征不同;(2)山地城市夏季对处于同等海拔高度的建筑群的不同街区形态呈现出不同的微气候特征;(3)海拔高度对于街区PM2.5污染物浓度的影响不太显著,但是街区人群活动对污染物的浓度影响较为明显。通过对山地城市街区空间形态的研究,旨在引导合理的山地城市设计,提高山地城市的居民生活舒适度,降低污染,从而为营造健康的城市生活空间提供策略。

Because of the complex terrain and changeable climate,the human comfort index and pollutant distribution rule in the block environment in mountain cities are likely to be quite different from those in plain cities.We mainly measured the microclimate of multiple residential blocks at different elevations in the main urban areas of Chongqing,and analyzed the influence characteristics of building forms at different elevations on temperature,humidity,human comfort index and PM2.5 concentration in the block space.Through experimental research,we draw the following conclusions:(1)The overall characteristics of microclimate are different at different altitudes in summer in mountain cities.(2)Summer in mountain cities presents different microclimate characteristics for different block forms of buildings at the same altitude.(3)The influence of altitude on PM2.5 concentration within the block is not significant,but the influence of the activities of people in the block is obvious.Through the study of the spatial form of urban blocks in mountainous areas,we guide the rational design of mountainous cities,so as to improve the living comfort of residents in mountainous cities,and to reduce pollution,to provide strategies for creating healthy urban living space.