柬埔寨农产品贸易发展的特征、问题与优化路径

Features,Problems and Optimization Paths of Cambodian Agricultural Products Trade Development

柬埔寨位于中南半岛南部,自然资源禀赋条件优越,作为传统农业经济国家,柬埔寨农业是国民经济发展的基础,位居国家“四角战略”之首,柬埔寨政府一直高度重视其农业经济发展,积极助推本国农产品贸易提质升级发展。2001—2020年,柬埔寨农产品贸易规模持续增长,产品种类日益增多,市场有效增扩,国际竞争优势逐渐增强,但仍存在着贸易总量偏低、格局不平衡,市场拓展滞缓、集中度偏高,产品种类有限、结构不合理,国际竞争力较弱、贸易条件恶化等问题。新时期,柬埔寨急需深化农业经济体制改革,推进农业现代化进程;提振出口规模,平衡贸易格局;丰富产品种类,优化贸易结构;拓展国际市场,降低外部风险;参与国际农业产业链合作,提升发展层次。

Cambodia is located in the southern part of Indo-China Peninsula,and has advantageous natural resources endowment.As a traditional agricultural economic country,Cambodia's agriculture is the foundation of the national economic development,and is the first part of its"the Quadrangle Strategies".The government of Cambodia has always attached importance to the development of agricultural economy and promoted agricultural trade.From 2001 to 2020,the scale of Cambodia's agricultural products trade keeps developing quickly,there are an increasing number of products category,the export market is largely expanded,and the international competitive advantage is gradually strengthened.However,there still exist some problems.For example,the total volume of trade is comparatively low,the trade structure is imbalance,the market is not expanded quickly,the market concentration is comparatively concentrated;there are limited kinds of products,and the product structure is unreasonable;the international competitive advantage is weaker and trade conditions are worse and so on.In the new period,Cambodia should deepen the reform of domestic agricultural economic system,promote the process of agricultural modernization,increase the export scale,balance the trade pattern,enrich the product varieties,optimize the trade structure,expand the international market,reduce external risk,participate in international agricultural industry chain cooperation,and upgrade the level of development.