斗拱发展中蕴含的文化属性

Cultural Attributes Contained in the Development of Dougong

中国建筑风格独特,斗拱便是其中极具特色的一个木构架结构。而建筑作为一种文化形态,不仅具有鲜明的文化优势,还具有严谨的科学性。人类学家泰勒曾经说过:文化是人作为社会成员所创造和获得的意识形态和行为准则。所以,可以把古代社会的建筑遗址定义为是一种文化的产物,它是了人类的思想结晶,文化与思想的物化产物。是当时人们为了生存而不同于一般动物的创造性社会活动。而建筑就是这样的文化产物,然而它又不仅是人类自身的精神创造,它当中一定包含社会、历史以及自然的某些因素,这些元素并在人的再创造过程中物化而形成一种特殊的形式标志。

The Chinese architectural style is unique,and the Dougong is one of the most distinctive wooden frame structures.As a cultural form,architecture not only has distinct cultural attributes,but also has a rigorous scientific nature.Anthropologist Taylor once said that culture is the ideology and code of conduct created and acquired by people as social members.Therefore,we can define the architectural sites in ancient society as the product of a culture,which is the crystallization of human thought and the materialization of culture and thought.It was a creative social activity that was different from ordinary animals for survival at that time.And architecture is such a cultural product,but it is not only the spiritual creation of human beings themselves,it must contain some factors of society,history and nature,and these elements are materialized in the process of human recreation to form a special form symbol.