20世纪70—90年代旅德游记中的德国形象与文化反思

A Study on the Image of Germany and Cultural Self-Reflection in Chinese Travelogues from the 1970s to the 1990s

20世纪70—90年代,中国赴德学习和考察的人士以旅德期间对德国的认知为基础,创作了诸多游记作品,并在这些作品中构建了具有他者视域的德国形象,如“绿色乌托邦”式的德国形象、“不尽如人意”的德国形象和“文化多元”的德国形象。这些形象的构建不仅从直观上反映了现代德国社会的发展状况,更是展现出作者作为“他者”的审视客体和反思自我的心路历程,映射了作者对“自我形象”的想象与思考。在20世纪70—90年代中国改革开放大潮涌来之际,中国人面对巨大的社会转型和复杂的文化变革,以德国形象为参照物,深刻反思中国的现代化进程,表达了中国传统文化中的家国情怀。这一主体的自觉意识和行为不仅推动了改革开放的迅猛发展,掀起了“文化热”,而且使中国社会快速驶入现代化轨道,创造了中国特色社会主义发展的奇迹,为当下我们应对百年未有之大变局,迎来中华民族伟大复兴提供了物质条件。

In the 70-90s of the 20th century,Chinese scholars produced a considerable number of travelogues based on their knowledge of Germany during their visit and study in Germany.From the perspective of detached outsiders,their writings constructed multifarious images of Germany,such as the"green utopian"image,the"unsatisfactory"image and the"multicultural"image,etc.These images of Germany depicted the development of German modernity,reflected the authors'mindset and self-reflection with a foreign country as the object of scrutiny from the viewpoint of outsiders,and intuitively revealed the authors'imagination and reflection on the"self-image".In the 1970s-1990s,Chinese people encountered tremendous social transformation and complex cultural changes in the initial years of China's reform and opening up.Taking German images as a reference,they pondered on their deep-thoughts on Chinese way of modernization and expressed their sentiments to the traditional Chinese concept of family and country.This cultural selfawareness and reflection on modernity not only promoted China's rapid development of reform and opening up,set off a"cultural fever"at that time,but also helped Chinese society quickly embark on the modernization track,created one miracle after another in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and provided material foundations for us to cope with the unprecedented challenges of the 21st century and usher in the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.