国家重点生态功能区旅游经济差异及其影响因素研究

Study on Economic Differences and Influencing Factors of Tourism in National Key Ecological Function Zones

国家重点生态功能区肩负着保障国家生态安全的战略使命,也是生态旅游发展的重要依托地。如何利用生态优势,实现旅游经济发展是国家重点生态功能区面临的重要问题。文章选取63个国家重点生态功能区为研究样本,基于泰尔嵌套指数和经济计量模型,探讨旅游经济差异及其影响因素,结果显示:根据旅游资源禀赋和旅游发展水平划分为高禀赋高水平、高禀赋低水平、低禀赋高水平、低禀赋低水平4种类型,空间分布差异较大。旅游经济差异总体呈收敛态势;2009-2013年表现为“倒U型”下降,组内、组间差异变动幅度较大;2014-2019年为平缓下降阶段,组内差异贡献率逐年下降,组间差异贡献率逐年上升。经济基础、产业发展、区位条件、生态本底和旅游经济滞后性是影响国家重点生态功能区旅游经济差异的主要因素,以经济基础、旅游经济滞后性影响最为显著,产业发展、生态本底影响区别较大,区位效应较弱。

Ecological environment is the basic condition for human survival and development,as well as the basis of sustainable development of tourism.National key ecological function zones are crucial for ecological civilization construction and territorial space optimization,shoulder the strategic mission of ensuring national ecological security,also an important place for tourism development.How to use the ecological advantages to realize the development of tourism economy is an important problem faced by the areas.Taking 63 counties(cities,districts and banners)of the national key ecological function zones as our research samples,based on Theil index and econometric models,the characteristics and causes of tourism economy differences were discussed.The results shows that:According to the level of endowment tourism resources and tourism development,the research areas were divided into four types:high endowment and high level(HH),high endowment and low endowment(HL).low endowment and high level(LH),low endowment and low level(LL).Based on this,we found that the spatial distribution is quite different.In terms of the number of distributions,the types of LL accounted for the majority.As for the distribution spatial features,there were obvious differences in tourism economy difference among eastern,central and western regions,the eastern and central regions are dominated by HL and LL,and LL dominate in the western regions,basically accord with the characteristics of tourism development in the key ecological function zones.According to Theil index,the differential development of tourism economy showed a convergence trend.From 2009-2013,there was an“inverted U-shape”downward trend;The difference between intra-group and inter-group changed greatly.From 2014-2019,it showed a gradual decline;The difference of inter-groups and intra-groups decreased gradually.The overall trend of intra-group difference was a fluctuation decline trend.The types of HL and LL were the main reasons for the difference of intra-groups.The difference of tourism development in HH and LH had little contribution to the overall difference,and their Theil index were decreasing continuously.Economy,industry,location,ecology and inertia were the main causes affecting the tourism economy differences in the national key ecological function zones,the influence of economy and inertia had the most significant impact.The impact of industrial development varies greatly.The location condition had little influence,need to be further strengthened.Moreover,in this article,the causes of the four types were obviously different.Specifically,the factors of inertia,economics had a positive impact on different types.We also found that industry plays a significant role in driving the tourism development of different types,the impact on types of LL is particularly important.And the influence of financial support was significantly different,it had a positive impact on HH and HL,but a negative impact on LH.Location conditions had little influence on national key ecological function zones.Besides,the level of capital investment had a strong negative impact,only had a positive impact on LL.