美国荒野地区保护立法经验及其借鉴

The Experience and References from American Wilderness Area Protection Legislation

为了更好的建设我国自然保护地体系,本文内容主要包含对美国荒野地区保护立法进行全面考察,目的在于为我国自然保护地体系建设提供立法方面的经验镜鉴。美国《荒野法》的诞生经历了一个漫长的立法历程,这部法律的诞生缘由主要包含了历史、文化和政治等3个方面。从这部法律的起草、审议通过和签署公布来看,其过程充分彰显了立法是利益博弈的产物。通过对美国《荒野法》的内容和特点进行分析可发现,这部法律内容全面、特点明显,以整体视角构筑了美国荒野保护法律体系,重建了人类与荒野的关系,形成了一体、两级、分部门保护的保护机制。从比较法的视角来看,无论是生态文明的时代需求和共同体理念的应有之义,还是生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化以及环境法律发展完善的必然要求,均说明了我国建立荒野地区保护立法有其必要性。具体而言,我国的荒野地区保护立法可以从概念阐释、理念设想和具体安排进行制度设计和内容安排。

To better build the nature reserve system in China,the content of this paper mainly included a comprehensive review of the United States Wilderness Area protection legislation,aiming to provide the experience of legislation for the construction of our country’s nature reserve system.The Birth of the Wilderness Act in the United States has gone through a long legislative process.The reasons for the birth of the law included history,culture,and politics.From the drafting,deliberation,and adoption of this law and the signing and publication,this process fully demonstrated that legislation was the product of the game of interests.An analysis of the contents and features of the Wilderness Act revealed that the law was comprehensive in content and distinctive in characteristics,and has built up the American United States national forest system from a holistic perspective.The law reconstructed the relationship between human beings and wilderness,and formed the protective mechanism of integrated,secondary,and classified protection.From the perspective of comparative law,it was not only the time demand of ecological civilization and the proper meaning of community concept,but also the inevitable requirement of the modernization of ecological environmental governance system and governance capacity and the development and perfection of environmental law,it showed the necessity of China to establish the legislation of wilderness area protection.Specifically,China’s wilderness area protection legislation can be carried out from the concept explanation,concept assumption,and concrete arrangement.