园林树木遮荫功效研究进展

Research Progress on Shading Effect of Landscape Trees

园林树木遮荫不仅能够提高热舒适性,为空间使用者营造出舒适宜人的环境,也能缓解城市热岛效应,调节局部小气候。在对园林树木遮荫功效相关影响因素如结构特征、生理功能、种植位置、气象因子和栽培管理措施等进行归纳总结的基础上,简要阐述了不同树种遮荫功效的评价方法及其研究成果。针对目前的研究短板和存在问题提出了研究展望,以更加全面系统地探究树木遮荫的机理,进一步拓展研究视角,为园林树种选择和科学配置提供参考借鉴。同时也提出园林树木遮荫设计的建议,不仅要做到适地适树,以充分发挥园林树木的遮荫潜能,也要正确处理树木遮荫与景观营造的关系,将树木的遮荫设计与其他景观营造策略相结合。

The shade of landscape trees can not only improve thermal comfort and create a comfortable and pleasant environment for space users,but also mitigate urban heat island effect and adjust local microclimate.On the basis of summarizing the related factors(such as structural characteristics,physiological functions,planting locations,meteorological factors and cultivation management measures)affecting the shading efficiency of landscape trees,the authors briefly expounds the research results of shading efficiency of different species,and puts forward some suggestions on shading design of landscape trees.In order to give full play to the shade potential of trees in landscapes,it is necessary to correctly deal with the relationship between tree shade and landscape construction,and combine the shade design of trees with other landscape construction strategies.In view of the shortcomings and existing problems of the current research,the future research prospects are put forward to explore the mechanism of tree shading in a more comprehensive and systematic way,further expand the research perspective of landscape trees,and provide reference for the selection and scientific configuration of landscape tree species.