共同富裕视阈下我国高等教育对收入分配的影响

The Influence of Higher Education on Income Distribution in China from the Perspective of Common Prosperity

高等教育关系着个体的发展,关系着共同富裕的扎实推进。利用CGSS 2018数据,采用最小二乘法、分位数回归等多种计量方法着重就高等教育对个体的收入溢出效应以及不同分位点上的收入群体的收入异质性进行分析。研究发现:(1)高等教育对个体收入具有正向促进的作用,但处于不同分位点上的收入群体具有显著的异质性,且收入效应出现先下降后随着分位点上升呈现“倒U型”的趋势;(2)高等教育能够缩小不同收入群体之间的差距,对中等收入群体起到提质扩容的作用;(3)性别和户籍等因素对个体的收入仍具有较大束缚。应在推进共同富裕的过程中重视高等教育对收入分配的促进作用,打破个体先赋性因素阻碍个体收入增长的壁垒。

Higher education is related to the development of individuals and the solid advancement of common prosperity.Using data from the CGSS 2018,various measures such as ordinary least squares and quantile regression are used to investigate on the income effect of higher education on individuals and the income heterogeneity of income groups at different quantiles.The study found that:(1)higher education has a positive effect on individual income,but there is significant heterogeneity among income groups at different quartiles;the income effect declines at first and then shows an"inverted U-shaped"trend as the quartiles rise;(2)higher education has the effect of narrowing the income gap among different groups and of improving the quality and capacity of middle-income groups;(3)gender and household registration are still a major constraint on individual income.In the process of promoting common prosperity,we should pay attention to the role of higher education in promoting income distribution so as to break down the barriers of individual innate factors that hinder individual income growth.