MFCs降解藻类生物质的预处理方法研究进展

Advances in pretreatment methods for degradation of algal biomass by microbial fuel cells

微生物燃料电池(MFCs)能够在降解有机物的同时将化学能转化为电能,近年来其独特的能源环境效应在降解藻类生物质方面引起广泛关注。然而,成分复杂的藻类细胞壁会阻碍藻类生物质在微生物燃料电池中的降解。为了提高微生物燃料电池降解藻类生物质的效能,通常需要对藻类生物质进行预处理,破坏藻类细胞壁使生物基质释放,并将难降解的大分子有机物分解为易降解的小分子有机物。综述了目前应用于微生物燃料电池降解藻类生物质的预处理方法,包括机械法、加热法、微波法和超声波法等物理预处理法,酸、碱、氧化等化学预处理法,酶或微生物细胞(细菌或真菌)作催化剂的生物预处理法,以及上述多种预处理方法耦合的联合预处理法。评估了这些预处理方法的能耗和经济性,并对藻类生物质预处理过程与降解过程耦合的集成化或紧凑型微生物燃料电池系统进行介绍,以期为今后微生物燃料电池系统与其他藻类生物质预处理方法的结合研究提供一定参考和依据。

Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are capable of converting chemical energy into electrical energy while degrading organic matter,and their characteristics in degrading algal biomass have attracted much attention in recent years.However,the complex composition of algal cell walls hinders the degradation of algal biomass in microbial fuel cells.In order to improve the efficiency of microbial fuel cells in degrading algal biomass,pretreatment of algal biomass is usually required to destroy the algal cell wall and release biological matrix and to decompose the refractory macromolecular organic matter into easily degradable micromolecular organic matter.The pretreatment methods currently applied to microbial fuel cells for degradation of algal biomass were reviewed,including physical pretreatment methods such as mechanical,heating,microwave and ultrasonic methods,chemical pretreatment methods such as acid,alkali and oxidation,biological pretreatment methods with enzymes or microbial cells(bacteria or fungi)as catalysts,and combined pretreatment methods.The energy consumption and economics of these pretreatment methods were evaluated,and the integrated or compact microbial fuel cell system coupling the algal biomass pretreatment process with the degradation process was introduced,with a view to providing some reference and basis for future research on the combination of microbial fuel cell systems with other algal biomass pretreatment methods.