污水中微藻的生物絮凝采收技术及展望

Bioflocculation harvesting technology and prospect of microalgae in wastewater

目前世界面临着生态环境污染及能源危机等诸多挑战,一系列环境问题对人类的生存和发展构成威胁,开发新型清洁生物质能源迫在眉睫。微藻作为第三代生物质能源应用前景广阔,可利用微藻处理污水并加以采收利用。一方面,微藻在自身生长过程中会消耗水中的氮和磷,净化受污染水体,同时将CO_(2)作为碳源,释放出氧气,缓解温室效应引起的全球变暖;另一方面,微藻絮凝采收可以获得大量生物质,用于制备生物柴油、化妆品、饲料等,使污水净化、化学和生物能源回收得以同时实现,具有较高的商业价值。但采收成本高是制约其规模化生产的主要瓶颈。列举了多种絮凝方式,对微藻采收技术的机理、采收效率及优缺点进行系统阐述,分析了不同采收方法对生物质能源产出与利用可能存在的影响,重点介绍了藻-菌共生污水处理系统中各种微生物为介导的新型生物絮凝法,在实现污水处理的基础上,为微藻生物质能源的规模化生产利用提供高效低廉、环境友好的技术参考。

The world is currently facing many challenges such as ecological environment pollution and energy crisis,and a series of environmental problems pose a threat to the survival and development of human.It is urgent to develop new clean biomass energy.Microalgae have a promising application as a third generation biomass energy source.Microalgae can be used to treat sewage and collected for use.On the one hand,microalgae will consume nitrogen and phosphorus in the water during their growth process,purify polluted water,and use CO_(2) as a carbon source to release oxygen,which can alleviate global warming caused by the greenhouse effect.On the other hand,microalgae flocculation can obtain a large amount of biomass for the preparation of biodiesel,cosmetics,feed,etc.,which enables the simultaneous realization of wastewater purification,chemical and bioenergy recovery and has high commercial value.The high cost of harvesting is the main bottleneck limiting its large-scale production.Various flocculation methods were listed,the mechanism,efficiency,advantages and disadvantages of microalgae harvesting technology were systematically described.The possible effects of different harvesting methods on biomass energy output and utilization were analyzed.New bioflocculation method mediated by various microorganisms in algae-bacterial symbiotic wastewater treatment system were highlighted.Based on the treatment of wastewater,efficient,inexpensive,environment-friendly technology reference were provided for the large-scale production and utilization of microalgae biomass energy.