高级氧化技术处理抗生素及其抗性基因的研究进展

Research progress on treatment of antibiotics and their resistance genes by advanced oxidation technologies

抗生素具有难降解特性,随着抗生素的广泛使用,其在水环境中的含量日益增加。由于传统污水处理厂无法高效去除污水中的抗生素,抗生素残留及活性污泥的营养环境为抗生素抗性细菌(ARB)的增殖和抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的转移创造了有利条件。同时,氯化、臭氧氧化、紫外辐射等化学氧化和消毒工艺对ARB和ARGs的去除效率较低,某些情况下甚至会诱发抗生素耐药性的发展。近年来,高级氧化技术(AOPs)处理抗生素废水的相关研究受到研究者的广泛关注。在控制抗生素耐药性的蔓延、降低环境风险方面,AOPs发挥了重要作用。对抗生素废水的理化特性进行介绍,综述了不同高级氧化工艺在抗生素废水处理过程中对污染物的去除效率、降解机理和降解途径等。此外,评估了废水处理中化学氧化工艺、消毒工艺、高级氧化工艺对ARB和ARGs的去除效果。最后,探讨了抗生素废水的高级氧化处理过程中存在的关键问题,并给出建设性意见。

Antibiotics have refractory properties and their contents in aqueous environment are increasing with the widespread use of antibiotics.Since traditional wastewater treatment plants cannot efficiently remove antibiotics from wastewater,residual antibiotics and the nutrient environment of activated sludge create favorable conditions for the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARBs)and the transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes(ARGs).Chemical oxidation and disinfection processes such as chlorination,ozonation,and UV radiation have low removal efficiency for ARBs and ARGs,and even induce development of antibiotic resistance in some cases.In recent years,studies related to advanced oxidation processs(AOPs)for the treatment of antibiotic wastewater have received a lot of attention.AOPs have played an important role in controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance and reducing environmental risks.The physicochemical characteristics of antibiotic wastewater were described,and the removal efficiency,degradation mechanisms and degradation pathways of pollutants by different AOPs in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater were reviewed.In addition,the removal effects of chemical oxidation,disinfection and AOPs on ARBs and ARGs in wastewater treatment were evaluated.Finally,the key issues in the advanced oxidation treatment of antibiotic wastewater were discussed,and constructive suggestions were given.