企业数据权益保护的行为规制模式研究

Behavior Regulation Model of Enterprise Data Rights Protection and Application

在数字经济时代,数据已经成为重要的生产要素,如何选取企业数据权益的保护模式是目前亟待解决的问题。从总体上看,企业数据权益的保护模式可分为权利构建模式和行为规制模式两种。行为规制模式通过控制他人行为间接实现数据权益的分配,契合数据权益的非排他性、边界模糊、结构复杂等特点,有利于化解权利构建模式所面临的确认和表达数据权益的难题。行为规制模式以存在于实证法中的保护性规范为基础,通过违反保护性规范的侵权责任条款,转介适用以保护私人数据权益为目的公法规范。并非所有违反保护性规范的行为都会产生侵权责任,只有经过构成要件的符合性、人的保护范围、权益的保护范围等要素的筛选后,受害人才有权主张数据权益的私法救济。

In the era of digital economy, data has become an important factor of production. How to choose the protection mode of enterprise data rights is an urgent issue to be addressed. Generally speaking, the protection of enterprise data rights can be divided into two categories, i.e. the rights construction mode and the behavior regulation mode. The behavior regulation mode indirectly makes the distribution of data rights possible by controlling others’ behavior, which is in line with the characteristics of non-exclusivity, fuzzy boundary and complex structure of data rights, and is conducive to solving the problem of confirming and expressing data rights faced by the rights construction mode. The behavior regulation mode is based on the protective norms in the existing positive law. The tort liability clauses of violating the protective norms can be applied by referring to the public law norms for the purpose of protecting the rights of private data. Not all violations of the protective norms will produce tort liability. Only after the compliance of the constituent elements, the scope of protection of people, and the scope of protection of rights and interests are screened can the victims have the right to claim the private law relief of data rights.