经济转型中太原市青少年心理韧性的现状与思考

Current situation and reflection on psychological resilience of adolescents during the economic transformation in Taiyuan

目的了解经济转型时期山西太原青少年心理韧性的现状,为提高其水平提供科学依据。方法采用青少年心理韧性量表(RSCA)对山西太原862名中学生进行问卷调查,通过独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析对数据进行统计分析。结果太原市青少年心理韧性总分得分平均值为(91.5±16.6)分。青少年心理韧性总分在不同性别、是否独生、是否寄宿、父母受教育程度、高中年级差异总分差异均无统计学意义。家庭月收入方面,青少年心理韧性总分(F=5.458,P<0.01)、目标专注(F=8.961,P<0.01)、家庭支持(F=4.151,P<0.05)、人际协助(F=3.546,P<0.05)的得分差异均具有统计学意义。初中生心理韧性总分(t=2.035,P<0.05)、目标专注(t=3.315,P<0.01)和情绪控制(t=2.355,P<0.05)的得分均高于高中生。除积极认知外,初中3个年级在心理韧性总分及其他各因子上的得分差异均具有统计学意义。结论青少年心理韧性的培养与提高工作应有针对性,关注低收入家庭学生和高中学生。

Objective To understand the current situation of psychological resilience of adolescents durling the economic transformation in Taiyuan of Shanxi,and to provide scientific reference for improving the resilience in this population.Methods A total of 862 high-school students in Taiyuan of Shanxi were surveyed with the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent(RSCA).The data obtained were analyzed by using independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA).Results The mean total score of the Taiyuan adolescents′psychological resilience was(91.5±16.6).There were no statistically significant differences in total scores of the adolescents′psychological resilience in relation to genders,singleton,school-boarding,education level of parents,and three grades in senior high school.Monthly income of the family was shown to signficantly affect the total scores of adolescents′psychological resilience(F=5.458,P<0.01),domain scores of goal concentration(F=8.961,P<0.01),family support(F=4.151,P<0.05),and interpersonal assistance(F=3.546,P<0.05).The junior high school students had higher scores of total score of psychological resilience(t=2.035,P<0.05),goal concentration(t=3.315,P<0.01)and emotion control(t=2.355,P<0.05)compared with the senior high school students.Except for positive cognition,there were statistically significant differences in the total score of psychological resilience and other domain scores across the three grades of junior high school students.Conclusion Cultivation and improvement of psychological resilience in adolescents should be more specific to target the students from low-income families and those in senior high schools.