“独创性”的解构与重识--兼评体育赛事直播画面系列案

Research on the Deconstruction and Determination of“Originality”

司法实践中,不同法院对独创性中的“创”是否应有高度要求存在不同看法,独创性“有无”和“高低”之争时常出现。两大法系对于独创性要求的流变表明,独创性是人为设定的标准。从立法视角看,独创性存在“高低”,但权力分立与制衡理论以及法律的科学属性表明,独创性于司法者而言仅是“有无”。著作权与邻接权的体系化分析表明,独创性并非区分两者的标准。通过法教义学的检视,我国司法实践中的独创性标准是“有无”,体育赛事直播画面蕴含创作者的智力创作,具有独创性,在具备其他作品构成要件的前提下,属于作品的范畴,属于著作权保护的范畴。

In judicial practice,courts’views on“originality”differ,and disputes over“originality or lack thereof”and“high or low level of originality”often arise.The evolution of the determination for originality in the two legal systems shows that originality is an artificially set standard.From the legislative perspective,there is a“high or low”level of originality,but according to the principle of separation of powers and checks and balances and the scientific nature of law,originality is only a“yes or no”to the judiciary.A systematic analysis of authorship and neighboring right indicates that originality is not the criterion for distinguishing them.In terms of jurisprudence,the determination of originality in China’s judicial practice is“yes or no”,therefore,the live broadcast of sports events contains the intellectual creation of the authors,which belongs to the category of works and falls within the scope of copyright protection provided that other constituents of works are in place.