示证性话语标记“俗话说”试析

An Analysis of“Suhuashuo”(俗话说)as an Evidential Discourse Marker

在现代汉语中,“俗话说”属于示证性话语标记。本文注意到,能进入“俗话说+P”构式的绝大多数是表范畴判断的俗语。“俗话说”引述的俗语从语义特征角度又分为简单判断型俗语和条件(类指)型俗语。话语标记“俗话说”在句中主要有语篇和人际的语用功能。作为示证性话语标记,“俗话说”的使用动因是信据力增强效应和面子保全原则。“俗话说”由作为复合句主句的引导句经过重新分析,丧失主句地位后逐步变为示证性话语标记。

In modern Chinese,“suhuashuo”is an evidential discourse marker. This article finds that the“suhuashuo + P”configurations are mostly sayings of categorical judgment. The quoted sayings can be divided into simple judgment and conditional(generic)sayings according to their semantic features. In the sentence“suhuashuo”mainly constructs the discourse and performs the pragmatic function of interactions between discourse participants. As an evidential discourse marker,“suhuashuo”is used mainly to enhance argumentative strength and to save face. As an introduction to the main clause in a compound sentence,“suhuashuo”has lost the status of the main clause and evolved into an evidential discourse marker.