王安石《元日》异文考

Wang Anshi’s Yuanri: What is “Tusu”?

王安石七绝《元日》,又题《除日》。“东风送暖入屠苏”中的“东风”又作“春风”。现存最古的两个版本即宋本《临川先生文集》和宋本《古今绝句》均为“东风”。“屠苏”既有异文,也有异解。或解释为酒,或解释为草庵,甚至解释为“屠绝鬼气,苏醒人魂”。考索历代文献,“屠苏”应为“酴酥”之讹,其义应该是指药酒。另外,“争插新桃换旧符”中的“争插“亦有“总把”之异。根据习俗及诗意,诗题以《除日》为宜。

In Wang Anshi’s quatrain Yuanri(元日,New Year’s Day),also entitled Churi(除日,also New Year’s Day),“East Wind”in the line“East Wind Sends Warmth into Tusu(东风送暖入屠苏)”might also be“Spring Wind”.In the existing oldest versions of A Collection of Sir.Lin Chuan’s Works and Ancient and Modern Quatrains in Song Dynasty,“East Wind”could be found.Meanwhile,the word“Tusu(屠苏)”carries both variant spellings and various interpretations.This word can be interpreted as“alcoholic liquor”,or“thatched hut”,or even as“killing ghost,weakening human soul”.However,according to literature research,“屠苏”might be a misspelling of“酴酥”,meaning“medical liquor”.In addition,in the line“争插新桃换旧符”,“争插”can also be“总把”.In line with convention and poetic flavor,the title might as well be“Churi(除日)”.