恐慌性谣言传播议题历史流变之辨析——基于政治、灾祸和人身侵害等主要涉及层面的考察

On the Evolution of Panic Rumors:A Research Based on Factors like Politics, Disasters and Personal Infringement

考察恐慌性谣言的传播历史,从政治、灾祸和人身侵害等主要涉及层面探索其传播议题的流变。研究发现,随着社会环境的变迁,政治层面的谣言议题从政变恐惧走向新政恐惧,其传播面向底层化;灾祸层面的谣言议题从灾异恐惧走向风险恐惧,其传播内容日常化;侵害层面的谣言议题从鬼怪恐惧走向陌生人恐惧,其传播主角具象化。经过剖析谣言议题的传播转向,研究认为,现代恐慌性谣言的意义建构更复杂,是一种主体性强的群体话语实践;现代恐慌性谣言的文本隐喻更深刻,折射出加速社会的本体性安全危机;现代恐慌性谣言的工具价值更突出,包含着民众趋利避害的特殊期待。基于现代恐慌性谣言的传播范式,本研究提出相应的消解建议。

By examining the spread history of panic rumors, this article explores the evolution of dissemination topics in terms of politics, disasters,and personal infringement. With the changes of social environment, political rumors have shifted from coup fear to policy fear, and their dissemination is geared towards the underclass;disaster rumors have changed from catastrophe fear to risk fear, and their dissemination content is routinized;as for injury rumors, ghost fear has given way to stranger fear, and communication protagonist is concretized. This research shows that the meaning construction of modern panic rumors is more complex, its textual metaphor is more profound, and its tool value is more prominent. Modern panic rumor is a group discourse practice with strong subjectivity, which reflects the ontological security crisis of the accelerating society, and it also contains people’s expectation to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages. According to the spread paradigm of modern panic rumors, this study puts forward corresponding suggestions and measures.