广西壮族自治区少数民族地区社区老年人健康干预效果分析

Effect of health intervention for the community elderly in minority areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

目的探索广西壮族自治区少数民族地区老年健康教育和预防保健干预效果,为改善社区老年人健康水平提供科学依据。方法2020年11月在广西壮族自治区南宁市随机抽取3个小区并整群抽取所有建档在册的521名65岁及以上老年人作为研究对象,实施社区老年健康教育和预防保健干预12个月,对比分析干预前后社区老年人健康服务需求、健康知识知晓率、健康行为形成率、社区健康服务满意度,以及体格检查和实验室检测结果。结果干预后社区老年人健康知识知晓率从49.1%(256/521)提升至79.5%(414/521),吸烟量减少率从1.5%(8/521)提升至11.7(61/521)%,饮酒量减少率从2.9%(15/521)提升至13.4%(70/521),新鲜蔬菜瓜果摄入量增加率从10.9%(57/521)提升至47.8%(249/521),运动量增加率从11.7%(61/521)提升至19.6%(102/521),体重指数正常率从55.9%(291/521)提升至72.4%(377/521),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论社区老年健康教育和预防保健干预措施有利于改善老年人身体素质,是提高社区老年人健康水平的有效方法及途径。

Objective To explore the effect of health education and preventive health care intervention for the elderly in minority areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and provide scientific basis for improving the health level of the elderly in communities.Methods In Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,three communities were randomly selected and all 521 registered elderly people aged 65 and above were selected as the research objects,then the community health education and preventive health care intervention were carried out for 12 months.Before and after the intervention,the demand for health services,awareness rate of health knowledge,formation rate of health behaviors,satisfaction degree of community health services,physical examination and laboratory test results were compared and analyzed.Results After the intervention,the awareness rate of health knowledge among the community elderly increased from 49.1%(256/521)to 79.5%(414/521),the rate of reduced smoking increased from 1.5%(8/521)to 11.7%(61/521),the rate of reduced drinking increased from 2.9%(15/521)to 13.4%(70/521),the rate of increased intake of fresh vegetables,melons and fruits increased from 10.9%(57/521)to 47.8%(249/521),the rate of increased amount of exercise increased from 11.7%(61/521)to 19.6%(102/521),and the number of people with normal body mass index increased from 55.9%(291/521)to 72.4%(377/521).The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The community health education for the elderly and preventive health care interventions are beneficial to improve the physical quality of the elderly,and are effective ways and means to improve the health level of the community elderly.