肺栓塞的诊断与治疗研究进展

Research Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism

肺栓塞(PE)是血栓、气体或其他栓子阻塞肺动脉或其分支引起的一组疾病或临床综合征包括肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)、脂肪栓塞综合征、羊水栓塞、空气栓塞等的总称。其中肺血栓栓塞症最常见,占PE总数的90.00%以上。因此,临床上通常所说的肺栓塞是指PTE,肺循环和呼吸功能障碍是其主要临床表现。肺栓塞的发病率较高,病死率亦高,随着对肺栓塞认识的不断加深,诊断技术的逐步提升,近年来肺栓塞的诊断病例逐年增加。但因肺栓塞的发病症状往往缺乏特异性,确诊需借助专门的检查方法,临床上漏诊率、误诊率较高,进而影响疾病的精准治疗,导致病死率升高。因此,本文综合国内外最新循证医学证据,总结出最新的肺栓塞诊治研究进展。

Pulmonary embolism(PE) is a general term for a group of diseases or clinical syndromes, including pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE), fat embolism syndrome, amniotic fluid embolism, air embolism, etc. Pulmonary thromboembolism is the most common type of pulmonary embolism, accounting for the vast majority of PE(more than 90.00%). Pulmonary embolism, commonly referred to as PTE, is mainly characterized by pulmonary circulation and respiratory dysfunction. Pulmonary embolism has a high incidence and fatality rate. With the deepening of disease understanding and the improvement of diagnostic techniques, the number of diagnosed cases of pulmonary embolism has increased rapidly in recent years. However, due to the lack of specificity of the clinical manifestations of pulmonary embolism, special auxiliary examinations are needed for the definitive diagnosis, and the rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis is relatively high in clinical practice, which further affects the accurate treatment of the disease and leads to the increase of the fatality rate. Therefore, based on the latest evidence of evidence-based medicine at home and abroad, this paper summarized the latest research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism.