功能微生物在生态健康养殖中的应用研究进展

Progress in Application of Functional Microorganisms in Ecological and Healthy Breeding

养殖业中抗生素滥用和环境污染问题已引起国家和行业的广泛关注。功能微生物可以有效替代养殖用化学物质,取代激素和抗生素,提高动物综合生长性能,在生态健康养殖中发挥关键作用。为实现我国养殖业的可持续发展,在动物养殖中应用功能微生物实现生态健康养殖已成为一条重要发展路径。功能微生物的作用贯穿整个养殖前端、过程和末端:利用功能微生物处理饲料原料,可以有效去除抗营养因子,提高饲料转化利用率和营养价值;以养殖功能微生物饲喂动物,可以调节肠道微生物群平衡,维持肠道稳态,调节机体免疫;应用于养殖环境中,可以控制臭气排放和环境病原,在养殖废弃物的无害化处理和资源化利用方面也发挥重要作用。结合有关养殖功能微生物的研究成果,对功能微生物在动物养殖中的应用研究进展进行综述,包括它们在生物饲料加工、动物肠道健康、养殖环境控制和废弃物处理中的应用及相关作用机制,以期为功能微生物在动物养殖中的进一步应用与推广提供参考。

Antibiotic abuse and environmental pollution caused by animal husbandry has aroused extensive concern from the government and the industry.As a kind of efficient alternative to agricultural chemicals like hormones and antibiotics,functional microorganisms can enhance the comprehensive growth performance of animals and thus play a crucial role in ecological and healthy breeding.The use of functional microorganisms in animal breeding for eco-agriculture has been a key development pathway for achieving the objective of sustainable development.Functional microorganisms are used at the beginning,middle,and end of the entire breeding process.Functional microorganisms can effectively eliminate anti-nutritional factors from feed sources,increasing their utilization rate and nutritional value.Animals fed with functional microorganisms not only have balanced gut microbiota and intestinal homeostasis,but their immune system is also well regulated.Functional microorganisms can also control odor emissions and pathogens in the environment.Finally,functional microorganisms also play an important role in the bio-safety treatment and circular utilization of breeding wastes.This study provides references for the continued application and promotion of functional microorganisms in animal breeding by summarizing the progress of their application and related mechanisms in such areas as feed processing,intestinal health,breeding environmental control and waste treatment.