农民走向共同富裕的资产逻辑

The Asset Logic of Farmers Moving towards Common Prosperity

由市场机制推动的经济增长能够自动带来国民福利提升的涓滴效应理论,已经受到了广泛质疑。主流产权理论关于分立的产权能够诱导效率的假定,既不能保证效率的最大化,也不能保证社会公平,更不能保证实现共同富裕。相比于收入不平等,财富或资产不平等带来的危害更为严重。涓滴效应理论忽视了社会经济制度中的一个本质因素,即生产资料所有制。农村集体资产尤其是生态资产的产权公共性及利益的共享性,构成了农民走向共同富裕的重要机制。缩小城乡差距,促进农民走向共同富裕,界定和盘活农村集体资产产权是重要的选择路径。农村有着不可替代的土地资源以及丰富多样的生态资源,特别是其集体所有制框架下的资产不可分性、成员权公平性以及收益共享特性,构成了农民以生态资产为线索走向共同富裕的逻辑基础。基于农民发展账户的拓展,需要进一步就盘活农村集体生态资产、构建资产资本化与生态服务交易的执行机制,提出初步的操作策略与运作方案。

The trickle-down theory that economic growth driven by market mechanisms can automatically improve national welfare has been widely questioned.The mainstream property rights theory emphasizes the assumption that separated property rights can induce efficiency,which can neither guarantee the maximization of efficiency,social justice,nor the realization of common prosperity.The harm caused by wealth,especially asset inequality,is more serious than income inequality.The trickle-down effect theory ignores an essential factor in the socio-economic system:the ownership of the means of production.The public property rights and the sharing of interests of rural collective assets,especially ecological assets,constitute an essential mechanism for farmers to achieve common prosperity.To alleviate the gap between the urban and rural regions and promote common prosperity for farmers,defining and revitalizing the property rights of rural collective assets is an important path.The rural region has irreplaceable land resources and diverse ecological resources.Especially the inseparability of assets under the framework of collective ownership,the fairness of membership rights,and the sharing of benefits constitute the logical basis for farmers to move towards common prosperity with ecological assets.Based on expanding farmers'development accounts and further revitalizing rural collective ecological assets,this paper designed the execution mechanism of asset capitalization and ecological service transaction and proposed a preliminary operation strategyand scheme.