生物力学在运动相关骨性关节炎中的研究进展

Advances in biomechanics research in sports-related osteoarthritis

运动是提高综合身体素质的有效手段,不同的运动强度及方式可以对膝关节造成不同程度的影响。合理适度的运动对关节软骨有塑形和保护作用,且对维持关节稳定和正常生理功能具有非常重要的作用;而不合理、高强度的运动则会引起生物力学的异常,造成急性或慢性关节损伤。正常必要的生物力学负荷可维持关节内环境的稳定,非正常的生物力学负荷会导致相关软骨细胞的凋亡及细胞外基质的降解,而长期、持续的生物力学负荷异常则会导致局部的炎症反应和免疫应答反应增强、软骨受损破坏,并加重关节的退行性病变,最终诱发骨性关节炎。本文针对生物力学与运动相关骨性关节炎的关系进行综述。

Exercise is an effective means of improving overall physical fitness,and different exercise intensities and styles can affect the knee joint to varying degrees.Reasonable and moderate exercise has a shaping and protective effect on joint cartilage and is very important for maintaining joint stability and normal physiological function,while unreasonable,high-intensity exercise can cause biomechanical abnormalities,resulting in acute or chronic joint injury.Normal necessary biomechanical loading maintains the stability of the intra-articular environment,while abnormal biomechanical loading leads to apoptosis of the associated chondrocytes and degradation of the extracellular matrix,while long-term,sustained abnormal biomechanical loading leads to enhanced local inflammatory and immune response,damage and destruction of cartilage,and aggravates degenerative joint disease,ultimately inducing osteoarthritis.This article provides a review of the relationship between biomechanics and sports-related osteoarthritis.