技术性贸易壁垒对企业出口的溢出影响:市场溢出还是种类溢出

Spillover Effect of Technical Barriers to Trade on Firm Exports:Market Spillover or Category Spillover

随着世界经济下行风险的增加,技术性贸易壁垒已经成为影响中国企业出口的主要贸易壁垒。然而,现有研究大多仅关注技术性贸易壁垒对受限产品在发起国市场出口的影响,鲜有注意到技术性贸易壁垒可能对企业出口产生的“溢出影响”。基于此,本文利用2000—2013年中国出口企业的微观数据,对技术性贸易壁垒的溢出效应进行了考察。研究发现:技术性贸易壁垒的实施总体上显著提高了企业受限产品对实施国以外市场的出口,以及非受限产品对实施国的出口,即技术性贸易壁垒对企业出口市场以及出口种类均产生了正向溢出影响。进一步研究发现,技术性贸易壁垒在企业不同出口市场以及不同产品种类上所产生的溢出影响存在显著差异。最后,基于企业的异质性,发现技术性贸易壁垒对高生产率企业和外资企业产生的正向市场溢出影响更强,对低生产率企业和国内企业产生的正向种类溢出影响更强。

Technical barrier to trade(TBT) affected Chinese firms’ export under the risk of world economic recession in recent years. While many studies investigate the impact of TBT on restricted products export in the market of TBT initiating country, little attention is given to the possibility of TBT “spillover effect” on firm export. This paper uses firm-level database of 2000-2013 to explore the spillover effect of TBT on firms’ export. The result shows that: the implementation of TBT significantly increases the firms’ export level of restricted products to non-TBT impacted markets, and the export of non-restricted products to the TBT implementation country. TBT generally has a positive spillover effect on the firms’ export markets and categories. Further study finds a significant heterogeneity in the spillover effects of TBT across different export markets and product categories. Finally, we find that TBT has a stronger positive market spillover effect on high-productivity firms and foreign-funded firms, and it has a stronger positive category spillover effect on the low-productivity firms and domestic firms.