稻作梯田农业文化遗产地旅游发展的气候适宜性研究

Study on Climatic Suitability for Tourism in Rice Terraces-Typed Important Agricultural Heritage Systems

天气气候条件是左右人们旅游出行的重要因素之一,它影响着旅游目的地的选择和景点旅游季节长短。旅游气候适宜性可通过基于气候特征和人体热舒适感受的室外天气舒适指数(OWCI)来衡量。该研究选取入选中国和全球重要农业文化遗产名录的稻作梯田类农业文化遗产地作为研究对象,计算各地1991—2020年每日室外天气舒适指数,划分天气舒适等级,并分析了各遗产地30 a平均逐旬天气舒适度与舒适日数变化、极不舒适天气频率分布、气候适宜旅游期,讨论了不利天气现象对旅游的影响。结果表明,中国不同地域稻作梯田农业文化遗产地的气候舒适性年内变化分别呈现出春秋舒适型、冬半年舒适型和全年舒适型3种类型,各遗产地在1 a内有10个月以上的适宜旅游期,其中黄金旅游期分别有4~12个月不等。气候条件对当地农业生态景观资源旅游利用的限制很小。

Climatic condition, one of the important factors influencing tourism, affects the tourist destination and the duration. The Climatic Suitability for Tourism(CST) could be expressed as Outdoor Weather Comfort Index(OWCI) which is calculated based on China’s climate features and the thermal comfort of human bodies. In this paper, taking some rice terraces systems designated in the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) and/or China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(China-NIAHS) lists as examples, the daily OWCI of all sites were calculated from 1991 to 2020 and four weather comfort levels are catagorized. Then, the 30-year average of weather comfort index and comfortable days in each ten-day period, as well as the frequency of extremely uncomfortable weather occurrence were analyzed statistically. Further, the suitable tourist periods and comfort tourist periods from climate perspective for each heritage were presented. The results show that the intra-annual changes of CST in different Important Agricultural Heritage Systems of China are classified as three types: spring-and-autumn comfort type, winter-half-year comfort type and all-year comfort type. More than 10 months of suitable tourist periods in a year exist in all heritage sites and the most comfortable tourist periods range from 4 to 12 months;the climatic conditions have little restrictions on the tourism with agroecological landscape resources. The results could provide a reference for the evaluation of tourism resources potential and the formulation of tourism development planning.