河北宽城传统板栗(Castanea mollissima)栽培系统景观特征及演变

Landscape Characteristics and Evolution of Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System in Kuancheng,Hebei Province

河北省宽城满族自治县板栗(Castanea mollissima)栽培历史悠久,2014年宽城传统板栗栽培系统入选中国重要农业文化遗产。农业遗产景观是农业文化遗产的重要组成部分,研究遗产地景观特征及其演变有助于认识景观格局的特征及变化,促进系统的保护、传承与发展。该文结合Landsat和MODIS卫星遥感及实地调研数据,研究宽城传统板栗栽培系统遗产地景观的分布、结构及森林景观的演变特征。结果表明:(1)遗产地内主要有板栗林、落叶林、常绿林、农田、建设用地和水域6类景观,森林覆盖率达84.72%,板栗林是仅次于落叶林的第2大优势景观类型,面积达151.60 km^(2)(27.70%);(2)遗产系统沿山顶到河谷形成了“林地-板栗林-农田-村落-水域”依次分布的山地景观空间结构,形成了平地、山地梯田板栗林景观及其与农作物、菌类、家禽和药材等多种林下复合间作景观;(3)遗产地整体景观分布较为破碎,各个景观类型内局部连通度较好;(4)2000年以来遗产地森林覆盖度以8.18 km^(2)·a^(-1)的速度在扩张,其中板栗林对森林面积增长贡献率可达83.28%,提升了区域植被绿度。河北宽城传统板栗栽培系统具有重要的经济、文化和生态价值,在当地政府政策扶持下板栗林景观优势度不断提升。

Chestnut(Castanea mollissima)cultivation has a long history in Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County,Hebei Province.In 2014,the traditional chestnut cultivation system in Kuancheng was selected as an important agricultural cultural heritage in China.Agricultural heritage landscape is a significant component of agricultural heritage.The study of landscape characteristics and evolution contributes to deeply understanding the characteristics and changes of landscape patterns and promotes systematic protection,inheritance,and development.Based on Landsat and MODIS satellite remote sensing data and field investigation,this paper studied the landscape distribution,structure,and evolution characteristics of traditional Chinese chestnut culture system heritage site in Kuancheng.The results show that:(1)there were mainly six types of landscape in the heritage area:chestnut forest,deciduous forest,evergreen forest,farmland,construction land,and water area.The forest coverage rate was up to 84.72%,and the chestnut forest was the second most dominant landscape type after the deciduous forest,with an area of 151.60 km^(2)(27.70%).(2)The heritage system formed a spatial structure of mountain landscape from the top of the mountain to the valley,which was"forest-chestnut forest-farmland-village-water area",and formed a landscape of flat and sloping chestnut forest,as well as a composite intercropping landscape with crops,fungi,poultry,and medicinal materials.(3)The overall landscape distribution of the heritage site is fragmented,while the local connectivity within each landscape type is sufficient;(4)Since 2000,the forest coverage of the heritage area has been expanding at a rate of 8.18 km^(2)·a^(-1),and the chestnut forest contributed 83.28%to the increase of forest area,and helped to improve the regional vegetation greenness.The traditional Chinese chestnut cultivation system in Kuancheng,Hebei province has crucial economic,cultural and ecological values.With the policy support of Kuancheng government,the landscape dominance of chestnut forest is constantly improving.