大学如何以分类发展形塑办学特色——基于日本私立大学改革实践的思考

How to Shape the Characteristics of Running a University by Classified d Development:Reflections on the Reform of Japanese Private Universities

多样化是高等教育进入普及化阶段后的重要特征,促进不同类型高校科学寻位、精准定位、特色发展是高等教育高质量发展无法回避的难题。面对日益严峻的发展环境,日本政府通过财政补助、政策支持等方式,引导私立大学进行改革创新、分类发展,启动“私立大学等改革综合支援事业”,选拔一批私立大学进行重点扶持,促进特色构建和功能提升,逐渐形成教育质量转换型、地域社会发展贡献型、国际化发展促进型、科研创新推进型四类办学特色。我国可适当借鉴日本经验,以分类发展促进高校形塑办学特色。

Diversification is an important feature of higher education after it enters the stage of popularization. It is an unavoidable problem for the high-quality development of higher education to promote the scientific location, precise positioning and characteristic development of different types of universities. Faced with the increasingly severe development environment, the Japanese government guided private universities to carry out reform, innovation and classified development by means of financial subsidies and policy support, launched the "Comprehensive support program for Reform such as Private Universities", selected a number of private universities for key support, and promoted the construction of characteristics and enhancement of functions. It has gradually formed four types of educational characteristics: the transformation of educational quality, the contribution of regional and social development, the promotion of international development and the promotion of scientific research and innovation. We can appropriately learn from the experience of Japan to promote the classified development of colleges and universities to shape the characteristics of running schools.