油菜秸秆覆盖对四川桃园土壤理化性质及桃果实品质的影响

Effects of Rape Straw Mulching on Soil Physicochemical Properties in Sichuan Peach Orchards and Fruit Quality of Peach

【目的】探讨不同覆盖量的油菜秸秆对四川桃园土壤理化性质及桃果实品质的影响,以期筛选出能改善四川桃园土壤理化性质和提高桃果实品质效果最佳的油菜秸秆覆盖量。【方法】在四川桃园土壤表面覆盖不同量(0、1.5、3、4.5和6 kg/株)油菜秸秆并添加有机物料腐熟剂,研究油菜秸秆对四川桃园土壤理化性质及桃果实品质的影响。【结果】当向土壤覆盖油菜秸秆后土壤0~30和30~60 cm土层的土壤pH和有机质含量均显著增加。覆盖油菜秸秆后不同土层土壤的全氮,全磷和全钾含量均有所增加,在覆盖量为6 kg/株时达到最高。油菜秸秆覆盖量为3、4.5和6 kg/株时不同土层土壤的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量均显著高于对照,且覆盖量为6 kg/株时达到最高。当油菜秸秆覆盖量为6 kg/株时,桃果实的单果重,果实纵横径和果形指数等果实的外观品质达到最佳,而可滴定酸含量达到最低,果实的内在品质达到最佳。当向土壤覆盖不同量的油菜秸秆后,桃果实的不同糖组分含量均有所增加。油菜秸秆覆盖量为6 kg/株时,桃果实可溶性总糖、蔗糖和果糖和葡萄糖含量均显著高于对照,分别较对照提高了23.60%、29.41%、31.46%和131.11%。当油菜秸秆覆盖量为4.5和6 kg/株时,桃果实的抗氧化酶活性显著提高。【结论】覆盖油菜秸秆能改善四川桃园土壤理化性质,提高桃果实品质,且以6 kg/株为最佳。

【Objective】 To study the effects of different mulching amounts of rape straw on soil physicochemical properties in Sichuan peach orchards and fruit quality of peach,and screen out the best mulching amount of rape straw that could improve soil physicochemical properties in Sichuan peach orchards and fruit quality of peach.【Method】Five mulching amounts of rape straw(0,1.5,3,4.5 and 6 kg/plant)added organic material decomposing agent were mulched on the soil surface in Sichuan peach orchards,and the effect of rape straw on soil physicochemical properties in Sichuan peach orchards and fruit quality of peach were studied.【Result】The soil pH value and organic matter content in the soil layers of 0-30cm and 30-60 cm were significantly increased when the rape straw was mulched on the soil surface. The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in different soil layers increased after mulching rape straw,and reached the highest when the mulching amount was 6 kg/plant. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in different soil layers were significantly higher when the rape straw mulching amounts were 3,4.5 and 6 kg/plant,and reached the highest when the mulching amount was 6 kg/plant. When the rape straw mulching amount was 6 kg/plant,the appearance quality of peach fruit such as single fruit weight,fruit vertical and horizontal diameters,and fruit shape index reached the best,and the inner quality of the fruit was optimal. The contents of different sugar components in peach fruit increased when different amounts of rape straw were mulched on soil surface. When the rape straw mulching amount was 6 kg/plant,the contents of total soluble sugar,sucrose,fructose and glucose in peach fruit were significantly higher than those in the control,which were increased by 23.60%,29.41%,31.46% and 131.11%,respectively. When the rape straw mulching amount was 4.5 and 6 kg/plant,the antioxidant enzyme activities of peach fruit were significantly improved.【Conclusion】Mulching with rape straw can improve soil physicochemical properties in Sichuan peach orchards and improve fruit quality of peach,with 6 kg/plant being the best.