家庭厨余垃圾管理模式环境经济效益评估研究进展

Review of Environmental and Economic Assessment of Food Waste Management

近年来,随着垃圾分类工作的持续推进,对家庭厨余垃圾进行分类投放和处理将成为我国城市生活垃圾管理的一大趋势。城市管理者在对家庭厨余垃圾管理模式进行决策时,有必要开展环境经济效益综合评估,在控制环境污染的前提下最大化降低经济成本。文章从研究目标、评估方法、数据来源等方面系统分析国内外的研究成果,指出家庭厨余垃圾管理领域常用的环境经济效益综合评估方法主要有基于费用效益分析的社会生命周期成本分析法、基于生态效率法的环境成本效率法、基于多准则决策分析的多目标评价法等3种。但研究者需要在污染物货币化系数、环境成本效率计算方法、共生产品分配问题和折现问题等方面开展深入研究,注意积累形成适用于家庭厨余垃圾特征的清单数据库。在对比家庭厨余垃圾管理模式时,要特别注意包含与处理技术相匹配的源头分类、收集运输以及产物利用处置等环节。

Along with the development of waste classification in Chinese cities,it is necessarily to segregate food waste from municipal solid waste for individual treatment in the future.This has placed increasing emphasis on the holistic assessment of food waste management,in particular on environmental and economic values.In this study,the research objective,evaluation method,and data resource of existing studies were systemically compared.The research on environmental and economy assessment on food waste management mainly includes three methods:social life cycle cost analysis method based on cost-benefit analysis,environmental cost efficiency method based on eco-efficiency method,multi-criteria decision making method.As those methodologies are far from being mature,monetization coefficient of pollutants,environmental cost efficiency evaluation method,allocation method,discounting rate need to be further studied.In addition,researchers should generate the inventory database suitable for the characteristics of food waste in China.When setting up food waste management scenarios,special attention should be paid to including the integrated processes,such as source classification,collection,transportation,and product utilization and disposal stage.